Fluids
Archimedes' Principle: The relationship between buoyancy and displaced fluid: An immersed object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
The picture below explains Archimedes' Principle. Looking at it, you know that the object will sink. This is because the object only displaces 2 kg of water. The displacement of water is how much the water will rise because of the object placed in it. In this case, that amount is 2 kg of water. Archimedes' Principle states that in immersed object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. We know that the object is not going to float because it has a mass of 5 kg, which is more than the weight of the water it displaced. If the object had been 2 kg, then it would have floated.
The picture below explains Archimedes' Principle. Looking at it, you know that the object will sink. This is because the object only displaces 2 kg of water. The displacement of water is how much the water will rise because of the object placed in it. In this case, that amount is 2 kg of water. Archimedes' Principle states that in immersed object is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces. We know that the object is not going to float because it has a mass of 5 kg, which is more than the weight of the water it displaced. If the object had been 2 kg, then it would have floated.
Pascal's Principle: Changes in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest are transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid and act in all directions.
Looking at Pascal's Principle, you can explain what is going on in the picture below. Pascal's Principle states that pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest are transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid and act in all directions. If you look, the fluid (shown in blue) is enclosed. There is a thinner piston on the left and a larger piston on the right; let's say that the piston on the right is ten times larger than the piston on the left. If this is true, and you push downward on the left piston with 1 N of force, then the fluid will push upward on the right piston with 10 N of force. This is because the 1 N isn't just transmitted once to the other piston, it's transmitted undiminished to all points, so the 1 N is pushing up on the right piston at multiple different points. A similar system, but on a larger scale called hydraulics, is used to lift cars.
Looking at Pascal's Principle, you can explain what is going on in the picture below. Pascal's Principle states that pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest are transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid and act in all directions. If you look, the fluid (shown in blue) is enclosed. There is a thinner piston on the left and a larger piston on the right; let's say that the piston on the right is ten times larger than the piston on the left. If this is true, and you push downward on the left piston with 1 N of force, then the fluid will push upward on the right piston with 10 N of force. This is because the 1 N isn't just transmitted once to the other piston, it's transmitted undiminished to all points, so the 1 N is pushing up on the right piston at multiple different points. A similar system, but on a larger scale called hydraulics, is used to lift cars.
Bernoulli's Principle: The statement that when the speed of a fluid increases, pressure in the fluid decreases.
You can use Bernoulli's Principle to explain how a large, heavy, and metal plane can fly in the air. The principle states that when the speed of a fluid increases, pressure in the fluid decreases. Simply stated, more speed means less pressure, and less speed means higher pressure. If you look at the shape of an airplane wing, you'll notice that is has a curve on the top, and the bottom is flat. As the plane takes off down the runway, the air (which is a fluid) has to move faster over the top, creating low pressure, and the air traveling under the wing doesn't have to move as fast, creating an area of high pressure. This combined creates lift, which is generally why planes can fly.
You can use Bernoulli's Principle to explain how a large, heavy, and metal plane can fly in the air. The principle states that when the speed of a fluid increases, pressure in the fluid decreases. Simply stated, more speed means less pressure, and less speed means higher pressure. If you look at the shape of an airplane wing, you'll notice that is has a curve on the top, and the bottom is flat. As the plane takes off down the runway, the air (which is a fluid) has to move faster over the top, creating low pressure, and the air traveling under the wing doesn't have to move as fast, creating an area of high pressure. This combined creates lift, which is generally why planes can fly.